In the plastics industry, ABS (Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene) and PLA (Polylactic Acid) are two widely used thermoplastic polymers. They are applied in 3D printing as well as in various industrial products. However, to optimize processing and improve performance, chemical additives play a crucial role. This article provides a detailed comparison between ABS and PLA while offering guidance on selecting the right additives from reputable distributors.
OVERVIEW OF ABS AND PLA IN MANUFACTURING
ABS, or Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene, is a petroleum-derived terpolymer, produced from styrene, acrylonitrile, and polybutadiene. The ratio of these monomers can be adjusted to balance different properties. ABS is an amorphous polymer, meaning it does not have a sharp melting point. Its glass transition temperature (Tg) is about 105°C, which strongly influences processing behavior.
PLA, or Polylactic Acid, is a bio-based polyester derived from corn starch or sugarcane. It is manufactured via ring-opening polymerization of lactide, a process that consumes 25–55% less energy compared to PET production. PLA is industrially compostable, breaking down into CO₂, water, and organic matter under controlled conditions, though it does not readily degrade in natural environments.
MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF ABS AND PLA
From a mechanical standpoint, PLA exhibits a higher tensile strength (48 MPa) compared to ABS (32 MPa). Both materials have a similar elastic modulus of about 2.54 GPa. However, PLA is more brittle, with an Izod impact strength of only 27 J/m.
By contrast, ABS demonstrates superior toughness, with an impact strength of 101 J/m—nearly four times higher than PLA. ABS also performs better under bending and elongation before fracture, making it suitable for load-bearing parts.
THERMAL PROPERTIES AND PROCESSING STRESS
The glass transition temperature (Tg) of ABS is 105.2°C, nearly twice that of PLA (63°C). Consequently, ABS offers better heat resistance. Its Heat Deflection Temperature (HDT) is ~100°C, compared to only 50°C for PLA.
As a result:
- ABS products maintain dimensional stability at high temperatures but are prone to warping and shrinkage during processes like 3D printing.
- PLA, with its lower Tg, undergoes less shrinkage, making it more suitable for ambient-temperature applications.
Additive considerations:
- For ABS: thermal stabilizers are recommended to minimize internal stress.
- For PLA: heat-resistant fillers (e.g., mineral reinforcements) can significantly improve product quality.
ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT AND HEALTH SAFETY
PLA is valued as an eco-friendly polymer, since it originates from renewable resources. Under industrial composting conditions, it biodegrades into CO₂, water, and compost, and it can be mechanically recycled. During printing, PLA emits a sweet, non-toxic odor, although printed gaps may harbor bacteria.
ABS, being petroleum-based, is non-biodegradable, though it can be mechanically recycled into reprocessed pellets. However, ABS releases toxic fumes and styrene odor during processing, making proper ventilation essential.
To address safety concerns, manufacturers employ:
- Emission-reducing additives to lower hazardous volatile compounds.
- Degradability enhancers to support more sustainable use.
- Stabilizers to reduce overall emissions and improve long-term compliance.
ABS VS. PLA COMPARISON
| Criteria | ABS | PLA |
| Origin | Petroleum-based | Bio-based (corn, sugarcane) |
| Tensile Strength | 32 MPa | 48 MPa |
| Impact Resistance | High (101 J/m) | Low (27 J/m) |
| Glass Transition | 105°C | 63°C |
| Printing Temp. | 230–260°C | 180–220°C |
| Biodegradability | No | Yes (industrial composting) |
| Applications | Mechanical parts | Models, prototypes |
VICHEM – TRUSTED DISTRIBUTOR OF CERTIFIED CHEMICAL ADDITIVES IN VIETNAM
Vichem is a legally registered distributor of chemical additives in Vietnam, fully compliant with regulatory requirements. We not only provide high-quality products but also offer international-standard after-sales services, including:
- Technical consulting: Helping customers select the most suitable formulations.
- Color-matching tests: Conducted by our expert team to ensure design compliance.
- Application support: Assisting clients in integrating additives into production lines for maximum efficiency.
For more information about our products, please contact us through the following channels:
📞 Hotline: 08 1790 1790
📧 Email: contact@vichem.vn
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🌐 Website: www.vichem.vn
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